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	<title>Comments for Journal of International Service</title>
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	<link>http://journalofinternationalservice.org</link>
	<description>American University&#039;s</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Sat, 27 Feb 2010 21:52:16 -0800</lastBuildDate>
	
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		<title>Comment on Yemen and the Safe Haven Problem by Hierete Desta</title>
		<link>http://journalofinternationalservice.org/?p=1259&#038;cpage=1#comment-979</link>
		<dc:creator>Hierete Desta</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 27 Feb 2010 21:52:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://journalofinternationalservice.org/?p=1259#comment-979</guid>
		<description>Very interesting post, Omar, and you posed a great question to Dr. Nagl, &quot;where does it end?&quot; How far should the United States go to secure itself by stopping the spread of terrorism and obstructing the formation of safe havens?

First of all, I want to say that I strongly disagree with his statement that countries such as Yemen and Somalia can be stabilized through missile attacks. Not only because of the backlash that such attacks create against America in both Africa and the Middle East(as Omar pointed out), but because both of these countries, and particularly Somalia, may already be too far gone. Somalia has gone through multiple failed attempts at creating a viable government and order within its borders, and even the advances made by a US-backed Ethiopian invasion of Somalia in 2006 were erased long ago by the persistent rise of al-Qaeda affiliate Al-Shabaab. I am highly skeptical that traditional military force can eradicate anti-American terrorism.

Secondly, I know this post is about securing America, but I cannot help but become disheartened to read that violent extremists should be considered less of a threat because they lack the grand capabilities of the Soviet Union or Nazi Germany to attack America directly. Yes, they do not have the nuclear capabilities or organizational structure of the aforementioned examples, but they are still torturing, killing, and obstructing the safety of many innocent people abroad (and domestically, although this is less frequent). More specifically, America can&#039;t dissociate itself from the responsibility of combating terrorism because many attacks are executed as a protest of American policies and affiliation with its African/Middle Eastern allies. At the end of the day, terrorism may not be on the scale of communism or as apparent as fascism, but it is a massive threat nonetheless. While it may be more indirect now, its potential to become a more consistent, existential threat towards the U.S. homeland is very real.

The U.S. needs to go VERY far to protect itself and obstruct safe havens (and not only through military means)...just my humble thoughts!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Very interesting post, Omar, and you posed a great question to Dr. Nagl, &#8220;where does it end?&#8221; How far should the United States go to secure itself by stopping the spread of terrorism and obstructing the formation of safe havens?</p>
<p>First of all, I want to say that I strongly disagree with his statement that countries such as Yemen and Somalia can be stabilized through missile attacks. Not only because of the backlash that such attacks create against America in both Africa and the Middle East(as Omar pointed out), but because both of these countries, and particularly Somalia, may already be too far gone. Somalia has gone through multiple failed attempts at creating a viable government and order within its borders, and even the advances made by a US-backed Ethiopian invasion of Somalia in 2006 were erased long ago by the persistent rise of al-Qaeda affiliate Al-Shabaab. I am highly skeptical that traditional military force can eradicate anti-American terrorism.</p>
<p>Secondly, I know this post is about securing America, but I cannot help but become disheartened to read that violent extremists should be considered less of a threat because they lack the grand capabilities of the Soviet Union or Nazi Germany to attack America directly. Yes, they do not have the nuclear capabilities or organizational structure of the aforementioned examples, but they are still torturing, killing, and obstructing the safety of many innocent people abroad (and domestically, although this is less frequent). More specifically, America can&#8217;t dissociate itself from the responsibility of combating terrorism because many attacks are executed as a protest of American policies and affiliation with its African/Middle Eastern allies. At the end of the day, terrorism may not be on the scale of communism or as apparent as fascism, but it is a massive threat nonetheless. While it may be more indirect now, its potential to become a more consistent, existential threat towards the U.S. homeland is very real.</p>
<p>The U.S. needs to go VERY far to protect itself and obstruct safe havens (and not only through military means)&#8230;just my humble thoughts!</p>
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		<title>Comment on The Quandary of Iraqi &#8220;Democracy&#8221; by Omar Hossino</title>
		<link>http://journalofinternationalservice.org/?p=1249&#038;cpage=1#comment-661</link>
		<dc:creator>Omar Hossino</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 24 Feb 2010 05:24:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://journalofinternationalservice.org/?p=1249#comment-661</guid>
		<description>Thanks for all of the comments. I think Tim Olsen raises a very good question. Yet, I agree with Emily that credibility is important. A major problem with U.S. intervention - even to protect Iraqi Sunni parties who are being banned of participating in a simple democratic election by Ahmad Chalabi&#039;s politically motivated judicial commission - is that it lessens credibility in Iraqi democracy which will simply be seen as an American backed puppet (and already is) throughout the Arab world. The more the U.S. intervenes in Iraq, the more both sides discredit the Iraqi state as illegitimate.

I think Josh Kuyers is right that the majority of Iraq is Shiite, and it makes sense for Shiite candidates to outnumber Sunni Iraqis in the Iraqi government. He is also right that boycotting an election makes little sense - especially since you simply lose representation in government. Yet the essential question is the one that Halima raised - that of barring candidates from even running for elections. Why are the more activist Shiite parties so afraid of a free and fair election if they outnumber the Sunnis so much? Maybe because a major contender for the next election is (Shiite) Iyad Allawi&#039;s party which includes many Sunnis and may actually succeed to achieve a government of national unity and reconciliation even if they don&#039;t win an outright majority.

The fact of the matter is that many Iraqi Shiites differ from Iranian backed Shiite parties and would not vote for the pro-Iran Shiite Iraqi parties - such as the Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq, or Prime Minister Nour al-Maliki&#039;s more moderate Dawa Party. Because Allawi&#039;s party, and other Sunni parties are seen as a threat if they receive a substantial percentage of the vote in a free and fair election, Maliki and Chalabi seem content on basically stealing the election through banning viable Sunni candidates under the pretense of &quot;stopping Baathism.&quot;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks for all of the comments. I think Tim Olsen raises a very good question. Yet, I agree with Emily that credibility is important. A major problem with U.S. intervention &#8211; even to protect Iraqi Sunni parties who are being banned of participating in a simple democratic election by Ahmad Chalabi&#8217;s politically motivated judicial commission &#8211; is that it lessens credibility in Iraqi democracy which will simply be seen as an American backed puppet (and already is) throughout the Arab world. The more the U.S. intervenes in Iraq, the more both sides discredit the Iraqi state as illegitimate.</p>
<p>I think Josh Kuyers is right that the majority of Iraq is Shiite, and it makes sense for Shiite candidates to outnumber Sunni Iraqis in the Iraqi government. He is also right that boycotting an election makes little sense &#8211; especially since you simply lose representation in government. Yet the essential question is the one that Halima raised &#8211; that of barring candidates from even running for elections. Why are the more activist Shiite parties so afraid of a free and fair election if they outnumber the Sunnis so much? Maybe because a major contender for the next election is (Shiite) Iyad Allawi&#8217;s party which includes many Sunnis and may actually succeed to achieve a government of national unity and reconciliation even if they don&#8217;t win an outright majority.</p>
<p>The fact of the matter is that many Iraqi Shiites differ from Iranian backed Shiite parties and would not vote for the pro-Iran Shiite Iraqi parties &#8211; such as the Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq, or Prime Minister Nour al-Maliki&#8217;s more moderate Dawa Party. Because Allawi&#8217;s party, and other Sunni parties are seen as a threat if they receive a substantial percentage of the vote in a free and fair election, Maliki and Chalabi seem content on basically stealing the election through banning viable Sunni candidates under the pretense of &#8220;stopping Baathism.&#8221;</p>
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		<title>Comment on The Quandary of Iraqi &#8220;Democracy&#8221; by Zack</title>
		<link>http://journalofinternationalservice.org/?p=1249&#038;cpage=1#comment-648</link>
		<dc:creator>Zack</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 23 Feb 2010 18:36:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://journalofinternationalservice.org/?p=1249#comment-648</guid>
		<description>Do the problems of Iraq discredit liberal democracy promotion in all circumstances?  And is your recommendation, then, that the US not &quot;tinker&quot; anymore in Iraqi politics?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Do the problems of Iraq discredit liberal democracy promotion in all circumstances?  And is your recommendation, then, that the US not &#8220;tinker&#8221; anymore in Iraqi politics?</p>
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		<title>Comment on The Quandary of Iraqi &#8220;Democracy&#8221; by Halima</title>
		<link>http://journalofinternationalservice.org/?p=1249&#038;cpage=1#comment-632</link>
		<dc:creator>Halima</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 23 Feb 2010 04:23:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://journalofinternationalservice.org/?p=1249#comment-632</guid>
		<description>Candidates should not be barred from running for elected office, even in a turbulent young democracy. The only way to establish peace in such a chaotic environment is to bring everyone to the official debates, regardless of their political pasts. Preventing those who are willing to use the political process to achieve their aims will only encourage others to try to achieve those aims through violence.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Candidates should not be barred from running for elected office, even in a turbulent young democracy. The only way to establish peace in such a chaotic environment is to bring everyone to the official debates, regardless of their political pasts. Preventing those who are willing to use the political process to achieve their aims will only encourage others to try to achieve those aims through violence.</p>
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		<title>Comment on The Quandary of Iraqi &#8220;Democracy&#8221; by Josh Kuyers</title>
		<link>http://journalofinternationalservice.org/?p=1249&#038;cpage=1#comment-610</link>
		<dc:creator>Josh Kuyers</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 22 Feb 2010 03:24:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://journalofinternationalservice.org/?p=1249#comment-610</guid>
		<description>I think its less a losing of Iraq to Iran or an &quot;empowering&quot; of pro-Iranian Shia by the Bush Administration  than the simple truth of Iraqi demographics and the nature of democratic governance. Iraq is roughly 60% Shia and 35% Sunni. The Sunni-minority was in control during Saddam&#039;s regime  a decidedly UN-democratic one. 

Now, however, Iraq is working toward Democracy, something promoted by both Bush &amp; Obama Administrations, which for good or for bad means majority rule. Ideally there are minority protections and human rights so the Sunnis wouldn&#039;t have to worry, but if Iraqi democracy is going to be effective everyone needs to participate. Boycotting elections because of an unpopular policy is setting a bad precedent for the future of Iraqi democracy. THAT is something to worry about!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I think its less a losing of Iraq to Iran or an &#8220;empowering&#8221; of pro-Iranian Shia by the Bush Administration  than the simple truth of Iraqi demographics and the nature of democratic governance. Iraq is roughly 60% Shia and 35% Sunni. The Sunni-minority was in control during Saddam&#8217;s regime  a decidedly UN-democratic one. </p>
<p>Now, however, Iraq is working toward Democracy, something promoted by both Bush &amp; Obama Administrations, which for good or for bad means majority rule. Ideally there are minority protections and human rights so the Sunnis wouldn&#8217;t have to worry, but if Iraqi democracy is going to be effective everyone needs to participate. Boycotting elections because of an unpopular policy is setting a bad precedent for the future of Iraqi democracy. THAT is something to worry about!</p>
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		<title>Comment on The Quandary of Iraqi &#8220;Democracy&#8221; by Emily Hersh</title>
		<link>http://journalofinternationalservice.org/?p=1249&#038;cpage=1#comment-604</link>
		<dc:creator>Emily Hersh</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 21 Feb 2010 23:06:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://journalofinternationalservice.org/?p=1249#comment-604</guid>
		<description>This article reminds me of a comment made by my US Foreign Policy professor while she was teaching us Cold War history: The United States promotes democracy in other countries until they democratically elect communists.  I think a similar thing has happened regarding democracy in the Middle East - the United States promotes democratic elections until they democratically elect Islamists, or in the case of Iraq, any political party that may have a relationship with a member of the &quot;Axis of Evil&quot;.  If the United States really wants to promote democracy in Iraq, I think they need to really allow it to take its course, even if it means negative consequences for US interests in the region.  In the short run this may have negative effects, but in the long run it will enforce US credibility both in the region and in the world as a whole.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This article reminds me of a comment made by my US Foreign Policy professor while she was teaching us Cold War history: The United States promotes democracy in other countries until they democratically elect communists.  I think a similar thing has happened regarding democracy in the Middle East &#8211; the United States promotes democratic elections until they democratically elect Islamists, or in the case of Iraq, any political party that may have a relationship with a member of the &#8220;Axis of Evil&#8221;.  If the United States really wants to promote democracy in Iraq, I think they need to really allow it to take its course, even if it means negative consequences for US interests in the region.  In the short run this may have negative effects, but in the long run it will enforce US credibility both in the region and in the world as a whole.</p>
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		<title>Comment on The Quandary of Iraqi &#8220;Democracy&#8221; by Yelena Osipova</title>
		<link>http://journalofinternationalservice.org/?p=1249&#038;cpage=1#comment-603</link>
		<dc:creator>Yelena Osipova</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 21 Feb 2010 23:00:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://journalofinternationalservice.org/?p=1249#comment-603</guid>
		<description>Glad that you addressed the issue. I&#039;m very curious to see what happens in a couple of weeks (that is, if there&#039;s no further meddling - direct, or indirect - by the &quot;coalition of the willing international community&quot;). Yes, Iran&#039;s role in the Iraqi elections is a big matter of concern, and is partially the reason for the increased anti-Iran rhetoric coming from the US and Israel over the past couple of weeks.
I still do find it ironic, though, that sometimes democracy - the promotion of which was supposedly the reason for occupation in the first place - is not really what the US might want in the Middle East. Let&#039;s see how it is all played out this time, yet again...</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Glad that you addressed the issue. I&#8217;m very curious to see what happens in a couple of weeks (that is, if there&#8217;s no further meddling &#8211; direct, or indirect &#8211; by the &#8220;coalition of the willing international community&#8221;). Yes, Iran&#8217;s role in the Iraqi elections is a big matter of concern, and is partially the reason for the increased anti-Iran rhetoric coming from the US and Israel over the past couple of weeks.<br />
I still do find it ironic, though, that sometimes democracy &#8211; the promotion of which was supposedly the reason for occupation in the first place &#8211; is not really what the US might want in the Middle East. Let&#8217;s see how it is all played out this time, yet again&#8230;</p>
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		<title>Comment on The Quandary of Iraqi &#8220;Democracy&#8221; by Tim Olsen</title>
		<link>http://journalofinternationalservice.org/?p=1249&#038;cpage=1#comment-597</link>
		<dc:creator>Tim Olsen</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 21 Feb 2010 17:55:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://journalofinternationalservice.org/?p=1249#comment-597</guid>
		<description>Interesting points.  

While American interaction with Iraqi politics can have bad effects, if the Americans don&#039;t apply pressure to end the exclusion of certain Sunni politicians from elections, is the election situation better or worse off?  I would reckon worse.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Interesting points.  </p>
<p>While American interaction with Iraqi politics can have bad effects, if the Americans don&#8217;t apply pressure to end the exclusion of certain Sunni politicians from elections, is the election situation better or worse off?  I would reckon worse.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Enforcement of Decisions of International Bodies: ICJ and WTO by TSwain</title>
		<link>http://journalofinternationalservice.org/?p=31&#038;cpage=1#comment-290</link>
		<dc:creator>TSwain</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 01 Feb 2010 19:58:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://journalofinternationalservice.org/?p=31#comment-290</guid>
		<description>There&#039;s good info here. I did a search on the topic and found most people will agree with your blog. Keep up the good work mate!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There&#8217;s good info here. I did a search on the topic and found most people will agree with your blog. Keep up the good work mate!</p>
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